美学者：美国政府及NED暗中策动西藏颜色革命

【明报专讯】美国在北京奥运前夕煽动西藏骚乱，显然决心跟北京玩一场极端危险的地缘政治游戏，显示布殊政府近月的破坏中国稳定策略升级。布殊去年10月首次公开见达赖喇嘛，为今次西藏行动开了绿灯。这场颜色运动的幕後策划人耳熟能详，包括全国民主基金会(NED)、中情局门面机构「自由之家」(Freedom House)(自由之家的主席包柏漪是国际声援西藏运动成员)，还有索罗斯出钱的利众基金会。

美长期资助达赖藏独运动

达赖在西方的政治宣传中「近乎神明」，但这并非实情，例如达赖1999年曾联同戴卓尔夫人及老布殊，要求英国政府释放前智利独裁者皮诺切特。无可争议的是，达赖自59年出逃後，便获美国等西方国家的情报机构及所谓「非政府组织」包围资助。伯伦蒂(Michael Parenti)在《Friendly Feudalism: The Tibet Myth》指出，中情局在50和60年代，积极为藏人提供武器、军事训练及资金。中情局的门面机构「美国自由亚洲协会」则为西藏抵抗运动做宣传。达赖的二哥嘉乐顿珠便在中情局支持下，在1951年建立了一支情报行动组，稍後更被中情局训练成游击队，空投到西藏执行任务。据美国90年代末解密的情报文件，中情局60年代每年给西藏流亡政府提供170万美元，其中18万是给达赖的津贴。

「民间机构」NED最善颠覆

达赖现在仍收到百万美元计资金，但付钱的再非中情局，而是美国国会资助的NED。NED包办了格鲁吉亚和乌克兰等国的「颜色革命」，为美国属意的反对派政客做势。就像过往的颜色革命一样，华府正是通过NED来资助西藏及海外示威，令中国不稳。80年代初因中情局的颠覆外国政府行动被揭发，中情局长凯西便建议成立NED。NED看似独立非政府组织，但只不过是中情局秘密行动的延续。NED首任主席魏因斯泰坦(Allen Weinstein) 91年便曾明言：「很多我们做的事，都是中情局25年前秘密从事。」

1988年在华府成立的国际声援西藏运动(ICT)是最注目的藏独组织。ICT至少自1994年起便接受NED资助。至於另一活跃的美国反北京组织「自由西藏学生运动」(SFT)，是94年由美国西藏委员会及ICT共同成立的。SFT正是今年1月号召展开「西藏人民起义」的5个组织之一。达赖流亡政府的《西藏时报》、西藏多媒体中心及西藏人权民主中心都接受NED资金。

西藏资源水源成地缘政治筹码

在3月藏独骚乱中，处处可见美国情报机关身影。但是为何呢？为何是现在？西藏的战略价值，不仅因为邻近印度(美国盼印度成为抗衡中国的盟友)。西藏的铀及硼砂存量是全球最多的，锂则占全球藏量一半。西藏亦为中国提供丰富的木材，还可能蕴藏大量石油。西藏是亚洲7条主要河流的源头，供水予20亿人。谁控制西藏水源，谁就可拥有亚洲最强大的地缘政治筹码。

但西藏今天的主要价值，还因它可被华府用来威吓及颠覆北京。NED跟「爱因斯坦研究所」(Albert Einstein Institution)，曾鼓动1989年天安门示威。与爱因斯坦研究所合作的Robert Helvey上校，曾是美国防情报局驻缅甸人员，曾秘密训练八九北京学运领袖有关大型示威的技巧。爱因斯坦研究所曾形容自己专长於「以非暴力作为一种战争形式」，又在04年的报告中，承认有给藏人提供协助。

随□互联网和手机出现，华府策略是运用并改良这些「非暴力革命」手段， 而NED则负责一系列「民主计划」(或软性政变)，推展切断中国通往国外油气来源的大策略，除了动摇西藏，还包动摇缅甸的「番红花革命」；持续争取派北约部队到苏丹达尔富尔以阻止中国取得当地以至非洲的石油；企图在中亚乌兹别克、吉尔吉斯制造问题，破坏北京接通中亚的输油管计划。

内陆欧亚博弈升级 美国玩火

现是奥巴马智囊的布热津斯基(Zbigniew Brzezinski)，早在1997年便撰文，指出哪国能主宰内陆欧亚(Eurasia，包括中亚以至西藏一带)，「几乎就自然能控制中东和非洲。内陆欧亚已成博奕场，哪□的权力分配格局，将对美国全球独尊地位具有决定性影响」。简言之，这是关乎美国全球霸权而非民主。但美国动摇西藏的策略转变，无疑是玩火，尤其当美国正陷经济危机。中国只要沽出手头一小部分美国国债，已足令美元崩溃。

作者William Engdahl是现居德国的美国着名国际政治学者，其着作《石油战争》被译成多种文字。

冒险的地缘政治游戏：华盛顿在和北京玩“西藏轮盘赌”

注：本文由鼎盛军事论坛大漠孤烟翻译

作者：William Engdahl
全球研究， 4月10日 2008

通过在这样一个对于双方关系都很敏感和奥运会即将开幕的时候煽动西藏的暴力活动，看得出华盛顿已经下定决心要和和北京玩一次高风险的地缘政治游戏。这是布什政府在过去几年中扰乱中国国家稳定活动的一次升级。 这些活动还包括在缅甸发动旨在反对中国影响的“橙色革命”，将北约军队部署到已经被中国石油公司发现可观石油储量的达富尔地区，在矿产丰富的非洲地区采取一系列反中步骤，还有热心的将印度转变为次大陆上反对中国的前进基地 （不过很多证据表明印度政府在小心的避免破坏中印关系）

去年10月，布什第一次在华盛顿以官方身份会见了达赖。这次会见为目前美国在西藏的行动打开了绿灯。 总统阁下应当了解这次会见对北京的侮辱程度以及可能的代价。布什出席美国国会给达赖颁发“国会金质奖章”仪式的行为，进一步的刺激了中国这样一个美国最大的贸易伙伴。

最近，布什，赖斯，萨科齐，还有梅克尔采取了一些无关痛痒的举动来表示他们对喇嘛们的支持。梅克尔声明她将抵制8月在北京举办的奥运会，为的是抗议北京对喇嘛们采取的措施。不过她的新闻发言人并没提到梅克尔从一开始就没打算要出席。

在梅克尔之后，波兰和捷克的领导人也发表了同样的声明。不过还不清楚他们是否也是从来就没打算出席奥运会，发表声明完全是为了上新闻头条。

最近在西藏的暴力示威和有确凿证据的针对汉族居民的攻击开始于3月10号。数百喇嘛在拉萨游行，要求释放他们的一些同伴，并声称那些喇嘛是因庆祝达赖获得美国国会金质奖章而被拘留。另外一些抗议北京统治的喇嘛也加入了这数百人。

中国政府明确指出，这次反对中国的突发暴力活动是以达赖为首的那个“运动”的一次新尝试，而且故意放在奥运会前夕来炒作北京的“人权”记录。在中国国内，人们认为北京奥运标志着一个欣欣向荣的中国登上世界舞台。

这次“喇嘛革命”幕后的演员表明华盛顿几个月以来正积极的策动另外一次其臭名昭著的“颜色革命”。通过公开的抗议活动来尽量使北京尴尬。这些台前幕后的黑手都是此间老手。他们和美国国务院过从甚密。包括国家民主基金会，中情局的freedom house。还有由索罗斯支持的Trace基金会。

中国总理温家宝指出是达赖操纵了以上的暴乱，从而破坏奥运“以达到他们不可告人的目的，藏独”。

布什在电话中要求胡锦涛与流亡的达赖对话。白宫证实布什“提到他对西藏近况的关心并鼓励中国政府与达赖的代表展开实质性对话，包括允许新闻记者和外交人员的参与”。

据外交部发言人秦刚称，胡主席告诉布什：在决定于达赖开展对话之前，达赖必须“停止破坏”奥运会。

达赖的奇怪朋友。

在西方人的眼中，达赖的形象受到如此的推崇，以至于很多人真把他当神一样。虽然达赖的精神生活不是此文的讨论重点，还是有必要提一下他一直以来的生活圈子。

达赖的圈子，外人看来是非常保守的。现在大家都不太记得的事实是，在30年代，包括盖世太保头子希姆莱在内的纳粹党领袖们把西藏看作是“失落的大西洲文明”幸存者的圣地和“纯日耳曼民族”的发源地。

达赖在11岁被确立为达赖喇嘛，当时他与亨利希。哈尔这样一个纳粹党徒和党卫队军官交上了朋友。与好莱坞电影中由布拉德。皮特展现的形象截然不同的是，哈尔是一个精英党卫队成员并成为11岁的达赖了解“西藏以外世界”的老师。我们无从了解他们当时的课程内容，不过达赖与哈尔一直保持着朋友关系直到哈尔以93岁高龄去世。

自然，单凭与什么人交往，我们不能评论一个人的性格，但是他后来交的朋友就颇有意思了。1999年4月，与撒切尔夫人以及前中情局长老布什一道，达赖要求英国政府释放正在英国的前智利法西斯独裁者皮诺切特 （皮诺切特也是中情局的老顾客之一）。达赖要求不要把皮诺切特引渡到西班牙，因为西班牙人正准备以反人道罪审判此公。达赖同时还与Miguel Serreno过从甚密。Serreno是智利国家社会党的头子，并且是一个热心的“正统希特勒主义”分子。

抛开所谓的“神圣”名号，无可争辩的事实是，从他1959年流亡到印度开始，达赖就被美国和西方的情报机构或者打着非政府组织牌子的情报机构所包围和资助。我们关心的是作为华盛顿之友的达赖的政治诉求。

国家民主基金会在行动。

如作家Michael Parenti在其《友善的封建主义：西藏之谜》一书中提到的，“在50和60年代，中情局积极的为一些藏人提供武器，军事训练支持，资金，空中支持和其他五花八门的帮助。” 中情局的一个外围机构，美国自由亚洲协会为藏人抵抗四处张目，达赖的大哥就在期间积极活动。达赖的二哥在中情局的支持下与1951年建立了自己的哦情报机构。这个机构后来发展成为中情局的一支游击队。据Parenti的记述，游击队成员会被空投回西藏。

根据90年代解密的美国情报文件，“在60年代的大多年份里，中情局每年提供1百7十万美元给藏人流亡政府，作为其反中国行动的资金支持，其中的十八万美元直接给达赖。”

在中情局的帮助下，达赖逃到达兰萨拉并居住至今。达赖继续收到数百万美元的资金支持，这回不是从中情局那里，而是从不太惹人注意的国家民主基金会——一个美国国会资助的中情局外围组织。此基金会一手操办了每一次由美国支持的“颜色革命”，从塞尔维亚到格鲁吉亚到乌克兰到缅甸。基金会的资金用来支持反对派媒体和全球公关活动，使其中意的反对派候选人更受欢迎。

如前所述，在西藏的这次“颜色革命”中，又是国家民主基金会在煽风点火。

80年代早期，国家民主基金会是在里根政府的中情局主任Bill Casey的建议下成立。之前中情局组织了多起尽人皆知的针对不友好政权的暗杀和颠覆行动。基金会旨在以一个非政府机构的面貌出现，使其听起来不那么让人起疑。基金会的第一任总裁Allen Weinstein在接受华盛顿邮报采访时提到：“我们做的很多事都是25年前中情局秘密从事的。”

美国情报历史学家William Blum写道：“基金会在伊朗门事件中扮演了重要角色，在资金上支持了North中校的影子“专项民主”。基金会将美国外交政策私有化，包括发动战争，走私武器毒品，还有很多同样“民主”的活动。1987年，一位白宫发言人声称基金会人员从事“专项民主”。

如今最引人注意的支持达赖和藏独组织是成立于1988年的国际西藏运动。最早从1994年，国家民主基金开始提供资金给国际西藏运动。国际西藏运动将其2005年度的“真理之光”奖颁发给了国家民主基金会发起人Carl Gershman。其他年度的得奖人还包括德国Friedrich Naumann基金会和捷克领导人Vaclav Havel。 国际西藏运动的董事会里充斥了前美国国务院高官，如Gare Smith 和 Julia Taft.

另外一个很活跃的反北京组织是以美国为基地的自由西藏学生。与1994年由美国西藏委员会和国际西藏运动共同成立。自由西藏学生干过的最有名的就是在长城上挂了一幅长达450英尺的标语。标语要求西藏独立，并且无中生有的指责“种族灭绝”。不过很明显此举让在场的39 个藏族学生颇为兴高采烈。

自由西藏学生是于今年一月号召开展“西藏人民起义”的五个组织之一。他们还共同成立了一个临时办公室用以协调和提供资金支持。

吴弘达是另一个达赖反对北京的支持者。此公因在1996年接受《花花公子》访问时颠倒黑白而臭名昭著 （就是所谓的死刑犯人体器官的事件）。吴在从伯克利退休后成为劳改研究基金会的头子。此基金会是一个无须缴税的主要由国家民主基金支持的组织。

另外，国家民主基金还支持着达兰萨拉的“西藏时报”，提供资金给西藏多媒体中心用以“传播和评论西藏的人权和民主斗争”，还有西藏人权民主中心。

简而言之，美国国务院和美国情报界的身影出现在所谓的西藏独立起义和针对汉族居民的攻击行为的方方面面。问题是，这都是为了什么？

西藏的自然资源。

（这一节我就不多译了，主要是说西藏有各类金属，石油，水资源，而且北临新疆这个中国另一个资源集中地。不过在最后一段，文中指出：）

但是对于华盛顿而言，西藏的主要价值在其颠覆和勒索北京政府的巨大潜力。

华盛顿的“不战而屈人之兵”

西方媒体关于西藏自3月10日开始的事件的报道既不准确也没有独立的复查。绝大多数在欧美新闻中播放的图片甚至不是中国军警对喇嘛们进行“镇压”。大多数情况下，那些路透社或AFP的图片所展现的实际上是喇嘛们的“军事团体”对汉族居民进行殴打。有些情况下，德国电视台播放的图像实际上来自于加德满都的尼泊尔警察。

西方媒体的沆瀣一气更加表明了在西藏的事件是由华盛顿精心组织的又一次颠覆活动。很少人了解国家民主基金和Gene Sharp 所谓的由Robert Helvey 上校牵头的爱因斯坦研究院一样，都不过是用来支持1989天安门学生抗议活动工具而已。这个爱因斯坦研究院声称其专门从事“不战而屈人之兵”。

Helvey上校原来属于驻缅甸的国防部情报机构。他曾在香港训练学生领袖们如何在天安门广场进行大规模示威的技巧。 据信他目前正为F*L*G提供类似的顾问服务。Helvey名义上于1991年退休，但他在很久以前就开始了和爱因斯坦研究所以及索罗斯的开放社会基金会的合作。在他2004年为爱因斯坦研究所所作的年度报告中，他承认曾为西藏方面提供服务。

在互联网和移动电话普及的今天，五角大楼发展了了一套全新的政权更换和政治颠覆策略。正如Jonathan Mowat ，这个专门研究颜色革命背后问题的专家，如下描述的。

“我们看到的是拉姆斯菲尔德部长提出的“军事革命”信条的民用体现。这些信条依赖于高度灵活地部署小作战群并为其提供实时情报和通信能力。体现在军事上，就是士兵班用“智能头盔”所提供的实施环境信息来控制城市街区。民用上，则是一小队的年轻人通过不断的手机联系来监视目标路口。”

“因为美国军方和国家安全机构资助了互联网，手机，和软件平台的发展，以上的那种通用性并不令人感到奇怪。从一开始，这些技术就被研究和实验过，以求在新的战争形式下能取得最佳效果。一些心理学专家对心理学战事的研究，将这种使用新工具的“战事革命”推到了极致。不过，尽管类似的军事奇思妙想已经在高级智囊中（比如兰德公司）中孕育了很长时间，直到持新保守主义的拉姆斯菲尔德占了上风后，某些成果才被某些美国军事机器的上层结构采用。”

为了控制中国

华盛顿的政策已经使用并完善了这些“非暴力革命”的技巧。在其使用的许多策略中，国家民主基金通过“民主的”或“非暴力政变”的伎俩来切断对中国生死攸关的外部油气资源。

作为英国式地缘政治学的支持者，70年代的国务卿基辛格曾说过：“控制了石油就能控制所有的国家。”

看得很清楚的是，华盛顿在西藏的颠覆活动，无疑的到了英国以及另外“友好”情报机构的帮助。

这样的企图还包括：颠覆缅甸政府，通过向达富尔地区派驻北约军队来阻止中国实用当地（或非洲其他什么地方）的石油资源，煽动乌兹别克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦的国内问题来扰乱中国通往哈萨克斯坦的输油管道计划。正如当年的丝绸之路因为地理的原因需要经过塔什干和Almaty，在那样一个高山环抱的地区，控制了乌兹别克斯坦，吉尔吉斯斯坦，和哈萨克斯坦就能控制中国和中亚地区的所有可能石油线路。同时还能包围俄国控制的石油管线与西欧，中国，印度和中东的联系。中国则需要这样的管线从伊朗，沙特阿拉伯或其他的欧佩克国家获得源源不断的石油。

包围中国策略的背后

以下，我将引用布热津斯基在1997年9月发表的一篇外交关系文章。作为David Rockefeller和英国式地缘政治学奠基人Halfor Mackinder爵士的门徒，布热津斯基如今是总统候选人奥巴马的外交事务顾问。他在1997年写道：

“欧亚大陆上有着世界上绝大多数的政治团体和实体国家。历史上所有力图夺取全球霸权的势力发源于欧亚大陆。世界上人口最多的寻求地区霸权的中国和印度也在欧亚大陆上，那里还有所有可能对美国政治经济优势产生挑战的势力。美国以外，另外最大的六个经济体和军费支出国家在欧亚大陆。那里还有几乎所有的公开核大国和隐性核国家。欧亚大陆有世界上75%的人口，60%的国内生产总值，还有75%的能源储备。总的来说，欧亚的力量让美国相形见绌。

欧亚大陆是世界的力量中心。一个能控制欧亚的力量能决定性的影响世界3大经济区中的两个——西欧和东亚。随便看看地图，就知道控制了欧亚大陆的国家便能自动的获得对中东和非洲的控制。在欧亚大陆变成一个大的地缘政治棋盘的现在，搞欧洲一套亚洲一套的政策已经远远不够。欧亚大陆上权力的分配将对美国的全球优势而言由为重要。”

以上论述，写于美国为首的对前南斯拉夫的轰炸，入侵阿富汗和伊拉克，以及美国支持巴库-第比利斯-Ceyhan石油管线之前。它使华盛顿一直声称的“消灭专制世界”和推行民主看起来并不像布什或其他人所说的那个意思。

这都是为了全球霸权，而非民主。毫不奇怪中国不认为让华盛顿得到这样的霸权符合中国的国家利益。就像俄国不认同北约接纳乌克兰和格鲁吉亚同时将美国导弹放到俄国门口以防御伊朗核武器对美国的威胁。

美国的为首的在西藏进行的颠覆活动是一次重大的战略转变。这些都发生在美国经济和美元处于1930年以来最大危机的同时。值得注意的是美国一边在西藏让中国难堪，一边派其财长保尔森去北京。华盛顿实际上在玩火。中国早已取代日本成为世界最大外汇储备国，其中大多投资于美国公债。保尔森很清楚北京只要抛售一小部分其美国公债就能使美元崩溃。

附英文原版

Risky Geopolitical Game: Washington Plays "Tibet Roulette" with China
By F. William Engdahl
Global Research, April 10, 2008
http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=8625

Washington has obviously decided on an ultra-high risk geopolitical game with Beijing"s by fanning the flames of violence in Tibet just at this sensitive time in their relations and on the run-up to the Beijing Olympics. It"s part of an escalating strategy of destabilization of China which has been initiated by the Bush Administration over the past months. It also includes the attempt to ignite an anti-China Saffron Revolution in the neighboring Myanmar region, bringing US-led NATO troops into Darfur where China"s oil companies are developing potentially huge oil reserves. It includes counter moves across mineral-rich Africa. And it includes strenuous efforts to turn India into a major new US forward base on the Asian sub-continent to be deployed against China, though evidence to date suggests the Indian government is being very cautious not to upset Chinese relations.

The current Tibet operation apparently got the green light in October last year when George Bush agreed to meet the Dalai Lama for the first time publicly in Washington. The President of the United States is not unaware of the high stakes of such an insult to Beijing. Bush deepened the affront to America"s largest trading partner, China, by agreeing to attend as the US Congress awarded the Dalai Lama the Congressional Gold Medal.

The immediate expressions of support for the crimson monks of Tibet from George Bush, Condi Rice, France"s Nicolas Sarkozy and Germany"s Angela Merkel most recently took on dimensions of the absurd. Ms Merkel announced she would boycott attending the August Beijing Summer Olympics as her protest at the Beijing treatment of the Tibetan monks. What her press secretary omitted is that she had not even planned to go in the first place.

She was followed by an announcement that Poland"s Prime Minister, the pro-Washington Donald Tusk, would also stay away, along with pro-US Czech President Vaclav Klaus. It is unclear whether they also hadn"t planned to go in the first place but it made for dramatic press headlines.

The recent wave of violent protests and documented attacks by Tibetan monks against Han Chinese residents began on March 10 when several hundred monks marched on Lhasa to demand release of other monks allegedly detained for celebrating the award of the US Congress" Gold Medal last October. The monks were joined by other monks marching to protest Beijing rule on the 49th anniversary of the Tibetan uprising against Chinese rule.

The geopolitical game

As the Chinese government itself was clear to point out, the sudden eruption of anti-Chinese violence in Tibet, a new phase in the movement led by the exiled Dalai Lama, was suspiciously timed to try to put the spotlight on Beijing"s human rights record on the eve of the coming Olympics. The Beijing Olympics are an event seen in China as a major acknowledgement of the arrival of a new prosperous China on the world stage.

The background actors in the Tibet "Crimson revolution" actions confirm that Washington has been working overtime in recent months to prepare another of its infamous Color Revolutions, these fanning public protests designed to inflict maximum embarrassment on Beijing. The actors on the ground in and outside Tibet are the usual suspects, tied to the US State Department, including the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), the CIA"s Freedom House through its chairman, Bette Bao Lord and her role in the International Committee for Tibet, as well as the Trace Foundation financed by the wealth of George Soros through his daughter, Andrea Soros Colombel.

Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao has accused the Dalai Lama of orchestrating the latest unrest to sabotage the Olympic Games "in order to achieve their unspeakable goal", Tibetan independence.

Bush telephoned his Chinese counterpart, President Hu Jintao, to pressure for talks between Beijing and the exiled Dalai Lama. The White House said that Bush, "raised his concerns about the situation in Tibet and encouraged the Chinese government to engage in substantive dialogue with the Dalai Lama"s representatives and to allow access for journalists and diplomats."

President Hu reportedly told Bush the Dalai Lama must "stop his sabotage" of the Olympics before Beijing takes a decision on talks with the exiled Tibetan spiritual leader, foreign ministry spokesman Qin Gang said.

Dalai Lama"s odd friends

In the West the image of the Dalai Lama has been so much promoted that in many circles he is deemed almost a God. While the spiritual life of the Dalai Lama is not our focus, it is relevant to note briefly the circles he has chosen to travel in most of his life.

The Dalai Lama travels in what can only be called rather conservative political circles. What is generally forgotten today is that during the 1930"s the Nazis including Gestapo chief Heinrich Himmler and other top Nazi Party leaders regarded Tibet as the holy site of the survivors of the lost Atlantis, and the origin of the "Nordic pure race."

When he was 11 and already designated Dalai Lama, he was befriended by Heinrich Harrer, a Nazi Party member and officer of Heinrich Himmler"s feared SS. Far from the innocent image of him in the popular Hollywood film with Brad Pitt, Harrer was an elite SS member at the time he met the 11 year old Dalai Lama and became his tutor in "the world outside Tibet." While only the Dalai Lama knows the contents of Harrer"s private lessons, the two remained friends until Harrer died a ripe 93 in 2006.1

That sole friendship, of course, does not define a person"s character, but it is interesting in the context of later friends. In April 1999, along with Margaret Thatcher, and former Beijing Ambassador, CIA Director and President, George H.W. Bush, the Dalai Lama demanded the British government release Augusto Pinochet, the former fascist dictator of Chile and a longtime CIA client who was visiting England. The Dalai Lama urged that Pinochet not be forced to go to Spain where he was wanted to stand trial for crimes against humanity. The Dalai Lama had close ties to Miguel Serrano2, head of Chile"s National Socialist Party, a proponent of something called esoteric Hitlerism. 3

Leaving aside at this point the claim of the Dalai Lama to divinity, what is indisputable is that he has been surrounded and financed in significant part, since his flight into Indian exile in 1959, by various US and Western intelligence services and their gaggle of NGOs. It is the agenda of the Washington friends of the Dalai Lama that is relevant here.

The NED at work again…

As author Michael Parenti notes in his work, Friendly Feudalism: The Tibet Myth, "during the 1950s and 60s, the CIA actively backed the Tibetan cause with arms, military training, money, air support and all sorts of other help." The US-based American Society for a Free Asia, a CIA front, publicized the cause of Tibetan resistance, with the Dalai Lama"s eldest brother, Thubtan Norbu, playing an active role in the group. The Dalai Lama"s second-eldest brother, Gyalo Thondup, established an intelligence operation with the CIA in 1951. It was later upgraded into a CIA-trained guerrilla unit whose recruits parachuted back into Tibet, according to Parenti.4

According to declassified US intelligence documents released in the late 1990s, "for much of the 1960s, the CIA provided the Tibetan exile movement with $1.7 million a year for operations against China, including an annual subsidy of $180,000 for the Dalai Lama." 5

With help of the CIA, the Dalai Lama fled to Dharamsala, India where he lives to the present. He continues to receive millions of dollars in backing today, not from the CIA but from a more innocuous-sounding CIA front organization, funded by the US Congress, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED). The NED has been instrumental in every US-backed Color Revolution destabilization from Serbia to Georgia to Ukraine to Myanmar. Its funds go to back opposition media and global public relations campaigns to popularize their pet opposition candidates.

As in the other recent Color Revolutions, the US Government is fanning the flames of destabilization against China by funding opposition protest organizations inside and outside Tibet through its arm, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED).

The NED was founded by the Reagan Administration in the early 1980"s, on the recommendation of Bill Casey, Reagan"s Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), following a series of high-publicity exposures of CIA assassinations and destabilizations of unfriendly regimes. The NED was designed to pose as an independent NGO, one step removed from the CIA and Government agencies so as to be less conspicuous, presumably. The first acting President of the NED, Allen Weinstein, commented to the Washington Post that, "A lot of what we [the NED] do today was done covertly 25 years ago by the CIA." 6

American intelligence historian, William Blum states, "The NED played an important role in the Iran-Contra affair of the 1980s, funding key components of Oliver North"s shadowy "Project Democracy." This network privatized US foreign policy, waged war, ran arms and drugs, and engaged in other equally charming activities. In 1987, a White House spokesman stated that those at NED "run Project Democracy." 7

The most prominent pro-Dalai Lama Tibet independence organization today is the International Campaign for Tibet, founded in Washington in 1988. Since at least 1994 the ICT has been receiving funds from the NED. The ICT awarded their annual Light of Truth award in 2005 to Carl Gershman, founder of the NED. Other ICT award winners have included the German Friedrich Naumann Foundation and Czech leader, Vaclav Havel. The ICT Board of Directors is peopled with former US State Department officials including Gare Smith and Julia Taft. 8

Another especially active anti-Beijing organization is the US-based Students for a Free Tibet, founded in 1994 in New York City as a project of US Tibet Committee and the NED-financed International Campaign for Tibet (ICT). The SFT is most known for unfurling a 450 foot banner atop the Great Wall in China; calling for a free Tibet, and accusing Beijing of wholly unsubstantiated claims of genocide against Tibet. Apparently it makes good drama to rally na39;ve students.

The SFT was among five organizations which this past January that proclaimed start of a "Tibetan people"s uprising" on Jan 4 this year and co-founded a temporary office in charge of coordination and financing.

Harry Wu is another prominent Dalai Lama supporter against Beijing. He became notorious for claiming falsely in a 1996 Playboy interview that he had "videotaped a prisoner whose kidneys were surgically removed while he was alive, and then the prisoner was taken out and shot. The tape was broadcast by BBC." The BBC film showed nothing of the sort, but the damage was done. How many people check old BBC archives? Wu, a retired Berkeley professor who left China after imprisonment as a dissident, is head of the Laogai Research Foundation, a tax-exempt organization whose main funding is from the NED.9

Among related projects, the US Government-financed NED also supports the Tibet Times newspaper, run out of the Dalai Lama"s exile base at Dharamsala, India. The NED also funds the Tibet Multimedia Center for "information dissemination that addresses the struggle for human rights and democracy in Tibet," also based in Dharamsala. And NED finances the Tibetan Center for Human Rights and Democracy.

In short, US State Department and US intelligence community finger prints are all over the upsurge around the Free Tibet movement and the anti-Han Chinese attacks of March. The question to be asked is why, and especially why now?

Tibet"s raw minerals treasure

Tibet is of strategic import to China not only for its geographical location astride the border with India, Washington"s newest anti-China ally in Asia. Tibet is also a treasure of minerals and also oil. Tibet contains some of the world"s largest uranium and borax deposits, one half of the world"s lithium, the largest copper deposits in Asia, enormous iron deposits, and over 80,000 gold mines. Tibet"s forests are the largest timber reserve at China"s disposal; as of 1980, an estimated $54 billion worth of trees had been felled and taken by China. Tibet also contains some of the largest oil reserves in the region.10

On the Tibet Autonomous Region"s border along the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is also a vast oil and mineral region in the Qaidam Basin, known as a "treasure basin." The Basin has 57 different types of mineral resources with proven reserves including petroleum, natural gas, coal, crude salt, potassium, magnesium, lead, zinc and gold. These mineral resources have a potential economic value of 15 trillion yuan or US$1.8 trillion. Proven reserves of potassium, lithium and crude salt in the basin are the biggest in China.

And situated as it is, on the "roof of the world," Tibet is perhaps the world"s most valuable water source. Tibet is the source of seven of Asia"s greatest rivers which provide water for 2 billion people." He who controls Tibet"s water has a mighty powerful geopolitical lever over all Asia.

But the prime interest of Tibet for Washington today is its potential to act as a lever to destabilize and blackmail the Beijing Government.

Washington"s "nonviolence as a form of warfare"

The events in Tibet since March 10 have been played in Western media with little regard to accuracy or independent cross-checking. Most of the pictures blown up in European and US newspapers and TV have not even been of Chinese military oppression of Tibetan lamas or monks. They have been shown to be in most cases either Reuters or AFP pictures of Han Chinese being beaten by Tibetan monks in paramilitary organizations. In some instances German TV stations ran video pictures of beatings that were not even from Tibet but rather by Nepalese police in Kathmandu. 11

The western media complicity simply further underlies that the actions around Tibet are part of a well-orchestrated destabilization effort on the part of Washington. What few people realize is that the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) was also instrumental, along with Gene Sharp"s misnamed Albert Einstein Institution through Colonel Robert Helvey, in encouraging the student protests at Tiananmen Square in June 1989. The Albert Einstein Institution, as it describes itself, specializes in "nonviolence as a form of warfare." 12

Colonel Helvey was formerly with the Defense Intelligence Agency stationed in Myanmar. Helvey trained in Hong Kong the student leaders from Beijing in mass demonstration techniques which they were to use in the Tiananmen Square incident of June 1989. He is now believed acting as an adviser to the Gong in similar civil disobedience techniques. Helvey nominally retired from the army in 1991, but had been working with the Albert Einstein Institution and George Soros" Open Society Foundation long before then. In its annual report for 2004 Helvey"s Albert Einstein Institution admitted to advising people in Tibet. 13

With the emergence of the Internet and mobile telephone use, the US Pentagon has refined an entirely new form of regime change and political destabilization. As one researcher of the phenomenon behind the wave of color revolutions, Jonathan Mowat, describes it,

"…What we are seeing is civilian application of Secretary Donald Rumsfeld"s "Revolution in Military Affairs" doctrine, which depends on highly mobile small group deployments "enabled" by "real time" intelligence and communications. Squads of soldiers taking over city blocks with the aid of "intelligence helmet" video screens that give them an instantaneous overview of their environment, constitute the military side. Bands of youth converging on targeted intersections in constant dialogue on cell phones constitute the doctrine"s civilian application.

"This parallel should not be surprising since the US military and National Security Agency subsidized the development of the Internet, cellular phones, and software platforms. From their inception, these technologies were studied and experimented with in order to find the optimal use in a new kind of warfare. The "revolution" in warfare that such new instruments permit has been pushed to the extreme by several specialists in psychological warfare. Although these military utopians have been working in high places, (for example the RAND Corporation), for a very long time, to a large extent they only took over some of the most important command structures of the US military apparatus with the victory of the neoconservatives in the Pentagon of Donald Rumsfeld.14

Goal to control China

Washington policy has used and refined these techniques of "revolutionary nonviolence," and NED operations embodied a series of "democratic" or soft coup projects as part of a larger strategy which would seek to cut China off from access to its vital external oil and gas reserves.

The 1970"s quote attributed to then-Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, a proponent of British geopolitics in an American context comes to mind: "If you control the oil you control entire nations…"

The destabilization attempt by Washington using Tibet, no doubt with quiet "help" from its friends in British and other US-friendly intelligence services, is part of a clear pattern.

It includes Washington"s "Saffron revolution" attempts to destabilize Myanmar. It includes the ongoing effort to get NATO troops into Darfur to block China"s access to strategically vital oil resources there and elsewhere in Africa. It includes attempts to foment problems in Uzbekistan, Kyrgystan and to disrupt China"s vital new energy pipeline projects to Kazakhstan. The earlier Asian Great Silk Road trade routes went through Tashkent in Uzbekistan and Almaty in Kazakhstan for geographically obvious reasons, in a region surrounded by major mountain ranges. Geopolitical control of Uzbekistan, Kyrgystan, Kazakhstan would enable control of any potential pipeline routes between China and Central Asia just as the encirclement of Russia controls pipeline and other ties between it and western Europe, China, India and the Middle East, where China depends on uninterrupted oil flows from Iran, Saudi Arabia and other OPEC countries.

Behind the strategy to encircle China

In this context, a revealing New York Council on Foreign Relations analysis in their Foreign Affairs magazine from Zbigniew Brzezinski from September/October 1997 is worth quoting. Brzezinski, a protégé of David Rockefeller and a follower of the founder of British geopolitics, Sir Halford Mackinder, is today the foreign policy adviser to Presidential candidate, Barack Obama. In 1997 he revealingly wrote:

"Eurasia is home to most of the world"s politically assertive and dynamic states. All the historical pretenders to global power originated in Eurasia. The world"s most populous aspirants to regional hegemony, China and India, are in Eurasia, as are all the potential political or economic challengers to American primacy. After the United States, the next six largest economies and military spenders are there, as are all but one of the world"s overt nuclear powers, and all but one of the covert ones. Eurasia accounts for 75 percent of the world"s population; 60 percent of its GNP, and 75 percent of its energy resources. Collectively, Eurasia"s potential power overshadows even America"s.

"Eurasia is the world"s axial super-continent. A power that dominated Eurasia would exercise decisive influence over two of the world"s three most economically productive regions, Western Europe and East Asia. A glance at the map also suggests that a country dominant in Eurasia would almost automatically control the Middle East and Africa. With Eurasia now serving as the decisive geopolitical chessboard, it no longer suffices to fashion one policy for Europe and another for Asia. What happens with the distribution of power on the Eurasian landmass will be of decisive importance to America"s global primacy…."15 (emphasis mine-w.e.).

This statement, written well before the US-led bombing of former Yugoslavia and the US military occupations in Afghanistan and Iraq, or its support of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline, puts Washington pronouncements about "ridding the world of tyranny" and about spreading democracy, into a somewhat different context from the one usually mentioned by George W. Bush of others.

It"s about global hegemony, not democracy. It should be no surprise when powers such as China are not convinced that giving Washington such overwhelming power is in China"s national interest, any more than Russia thinks that it would be a step towards peace to let NATO gobble up Ukraine and Georgia and put US missiles on Russia"s doorstep "to defend against threat of Iranian nuclear attack on the United States."

The US-led destabilization in Tibet is part of a strategic shift of great significance. It comes at a time when the US economy and the US dollar, still the world"s reserve currency, are in the worst crisis since the 1930"s. It is significant that the US Administration sends Wall Street banker, former Goldman Sachs chairman, Henry Paulson to Beijing in the midst of its efforts to embarrass Beijing in Tibet. Washington is literally playing with fire. China long ago surpassed Japan as the world"s largest holder of foreign currency reserves, now in the range of $1.5 trillions, most of which are invested in US Treasury debt instruments. Paulson knows well that were Beijing to decide it could bring the dollar to its knees by selling only a small portion of its US debt on the market.

Endnotes:

1 Ex-Nazi, Dalai"s tutor Harrer dies at 93, The Times of India, 9 Jan 2006, in
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1363946,prtpage-1.cms.

2 Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas, Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity, New York University Press, 2001, p. 177.

3 Goldner, Colin, M46;nchischer Terror auf dem Dach der Welt Teil 1: Die Begeisterung für den Dalai Lama und den tibetischen Buddhismus, March 26, 2008, excerpted from the book Dalai Lama: Fall eines Gottk46;nigs, Alibri Verlag,, new edition to appear April 2008, reproduced in
http://www.jungewelt.de/2008/03-27/006.php.

4 Parenti, Michael, Friendly Feudalism: The Tibet Myth, June 2007, inwww.michaelparenti.org/Tibet.html.

5 Mann, Jim, CIA funded covert Tibet exile campaign in 1960s, The Age (Australia), Sept. 16, 1998.

6 Ignatius, D., Innocence Abroad: The New World of Spyless Coups, The Washington Post, 22 September 1991.

7 Blum, William, The NED and "Project Democracy," January 2000, inwww.friendsoftibet.org/databank/usdefence/usd5.html

8 Barker, Michael, "Democratic Imperialism": Tibet, China and the National Endowment for Democracy, Global Research, August 13, 2007,www.globalresearch.ca.

9 McGehee, Ralph, Ralph McGehee" s Archive on JFK Place, CIA Operations in China Part III, May 2, 1996, inwww.acorn.net/jfkplace/03/RM/RM.china-for.

10 US Tibet Committee, Fifteen things you should know about Tibet and China, in
http://ustibetcommittee.org/facts/facts.html.

11 Goldner, Colin, M46;nchischer Terror auf dem Dach der Welt Teil 2: Krawalle im Vorfeld der Olympischen Spiele, op cit.

12 Mowat, Jonathan, The new Gladio in action?, Online Journal, Mar 19, 2005, in
http://onlinejournal.com/artman/publish/printer_308.shtml.

13 Ibid.

14 Ibid.

15 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, A Geostrategy for Eurasia, Foreign Affairs, 76:5, September/October 1997.

Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Centre for Research on Globalization.

The CRG grants permission to cross-post original Global Research articles on community internet sites as long as the text & title are not modified. The source and the author"s copyright must be displayed. For publication of Global Research articles in print or other forms including commercial internet sites, contact:crgeditor@yahoo.com

www.globalresearch.cacontains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are making such material available to our readers under the provisions of "fair use" in an effort to advance a better understanding of political, economic and social issues. The material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving it for research and educational purposes. If you wish to use copyrighted material for purposes other than "fair use" you must request permission from the copyright owner.

For media inquiries:crgeditor@yahoo.com

69; Copyright F. William Engdahl , Global Research, 2008

相关文章：

“颜色革命”策动者阴谋中国

微信扫一扫，进入读者交流群

献一朵花： 鲜花数量：