来源：观察者网 作者：刘禾/译者：魏迪英

原题： 美国社会运动是星火燎原，而不是痛定思痛

刘禾按：《痛定思痛：美国社会运动兴衰的秘密》一文给人一个错误的印象，好像事情已经接近尾声，可以总结了。这很误导，因为情况完全不是那样的，星星之火正在燎原，哪里有什么结束的迹象？虽然主流媒体竭力掩盖在我们眼皮子底下发生的事，但占领行动每天都在美国各地发生。从昨天开始，那个让警察镇压学生的UC Davis 的校长正在被舆论（而不是媒体）送上审判台，她恐怕很快被迫辞职。请关注这个戏剧性的发展，它完全抛开了封锁消息的报纸和电视，像病毒般的一夜间传遍全美国，这将让所有打算镇压学生运动的美国大学校长三四再行，看看下面的报道和分析就知道了。

一个历史性的时刻，见以下哥伦比亚大学音乐系助理教授Aaron Fox 的报道和分析。

我现在写的这些，是要揭露加州大学戴维斯分校校警的野蛮行径，以及这次令人反感的事件。星期五，配备防暴器材的校警蓄意对一群和平、有序的抗议学生，喷射胡椒水（我想说这是“化学武器”）。这是加州大学的新课程吗？当时的视频十分可怕，但是值得坚持看完，因为其中揭示了一旦“大学”以镇压本校学生和员工的执法机构自居（似乎我们需要学宾州大学的例子），会是多么可怕的景象。结果，至少有一名学生送医：

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=6AdDLhPwpp4

如果你感到恶心，请看我贴在下面的一张照片，这同样可以证明事实。校警滥用权力，行动野蛮，是显而易见的。

这是戴维斯本地报纸上的报道：

http://www.davisenterprise.com/local-news/crime-fire-courts/protests-again-gathering-steam-on-campus/

这是《萨克拉门托蜜蜂报》上的相关文章：

http://www.sacbee.com/2011/11/19/4066159/10-occupy-protesters-arrested.html

目前，《纽约时报》、《今日美国》、《时代》、CBS、CNN等媒体都报道了这一事件，那些记录加州大学戴维斯分校校警暴行的视频，在网上被浏览了成百上千次。和“加州大学戴维斯分校”、“胡椒喷射”相关的搜索，成为今天美国谷歌搜索的头条。这意味着什么呢？下午三点左右，加州大学戴维斯分校放弃了原来的主张，校长释放出稳控信号，承诺调查这一事件，但这已经太晚了。

到星期一时，几百万人都知道了匹克队长和他的化学作战部队，以及校长的40万美元的年薪（包括免费住房、旅行和交通），校长下达了镇压抗议者的命令，导致受伤的学生送医，校警还强迫学生张嘴，然后向他们喷射胡椒水。我一点都不骗你。

今天晚上戴维斯分校发生事值得关注，自从下午以来，我一直在关注视频网站livestream和博客，这是非常重要的时刻。卡缇希校长召开了一个新闻发布会，希望控制事态发展和扩散效应。

加州大学戴维斯分校的学生，大批赶到发布会现场，但由于没有媒体证件，被挡在发布会现场之外。学生们包围了发布会现场，并在几个小时内聚集起1000多人。据说，卡缇希校长担心抗议学生的阻拦，以至于无法离开现场，似乎她成了被劫持的人质。但是校方并没有调来警察，至少没有在现场出现。看来，加州大学戴维斯分校还是吸取了一些教训。

学生们空出了一条宽阔的通道，声称卡缇希校长走过时，他们会保持安静、尊重，他们只想呼吁她辞职，而不是要在现场劫持她。尽管在几个小时的等待中，聚集的学生越来越多，现场气氛越来越紧张，但学生们一直表现出可敬的纪律和组织性。后来，学生们与卡缇希校长的支持者达成协议，于是校长离开发布会，带着一位助手乘上她那部价值7万美元的雷克萨斯SUV，这笔钱可是纳税人掏的。学生们保持了“绝对的纪律和完全的安静”，站在一边，只是回答了一些记者的现场采访。这既令人惊讶，又令人振奋。当然，“胡椒水”校长在周围几千双眼睛的注视下，一定会感到羞愧。由于加州乃至全国学生的访问，视频网站livestream出现过载。

这是一个胜利的时刻，在发布以前就有几百个访问。

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=CZ0t9ez_EGI

只是在卡缇希校长驱车离开时，聚集的学生高喊口号：“大学属于谁？大学属于我们！”中间有一些时候，学生离开去吃匹萨饼，这是全国各地的人们为他们订的。

这次运动异常强大。要记得当今是一个事实上没有新闻的时代，主流媒体上不揭露任何问题，除了黛米·摩尔和阿什顿·库彻的离婚事件，或者娜塔利·伍德的死因调查。但是，这次运动的影响在网络上体现出来，并吸引了全国的注意，以至于加州大学戴维斯分校被迫采取稳控措施。

接下来事态会有更多发展，现在卡缇希校长除了辞职之外，已经别无他路。戴维斯分校的教授协会投票通过决议，谴责卡缇希校长的行为，呼吁她辞职。

http://ucdfa.org/2011/11/19/dfa-board-calls-for-katehis-resignation/

加州大学教授协会的委员会也发表了谴责声明，要求大学管理者对此负责。

http://cucfa.org/news/2011_nov19.php

加州大学教授协会的完整声明如下：

本周，我们目睹了和平的抗议者遭受到极其暴力的袭击。在加州大学伯克利分校、加州州立大学长滩分校、加州大学戴维斯分校，警察暴力镇压参加抗议的教师和学生，包括向抗议者眼部和口部喷射胡椒水，用警棍殴打、推搡，铐上手铐拉走，等等。很多受伤的抗议者因此送医。这些暴力袭击是主动，全面和肆无忌惮的。

这种针对和平抗议者的暴力行径是肆无忌惮、毫无理由的，我们感到极其愤怒。

对加州大学的管理者滥用警察暴力，镇压异议人士、言论自由和和平集会，我们感到极其愤怒。

我们要求加州大学校方停止使用警察暴力，停止镇压和平的政治抗议；我们要求校方对暴力行为的后果负责。我们相信，继续滥用暴力甚至升级，只会引发更大的愤怒。

警察的野蛮暴力，破坏了加州大学的公共形象。更关键的是，破坏了大学自由表达的氛围。滥用暴力正威胁着加州大学言论自由的遗产，我们对此表示谴责。

我们呼吁校方注意引发抗议的真实原因，抗议者的不满主要是针对教育私有化。由于大规模削减州的财政拨款，以及提高学费，后者涉及社区学院系统、基础教育系统和加州大学，公共教育正遭受沉重打击。相对于银行利润的膨胀，学生贷款却上升到前所未有的水平。加州大学董事会唯一、持续的工作，就是扩大私有化和提高学费，我们对此表示谴责。

签署人：

加州大学教授协会委员会

艾伦·福克斯

哥伦比亚大学音乐系助理教授

aaf19@columbia.edu

212-854-7185

（刘禾系哥伦比亚大学教授，她的按语经编辑删改，观察者网翻译）。

I"m writing to make you aware of the disgusting incident of campus police brutality at UC Davis, where the campus cops (in riot gear) on Friday deliberately and severely pepper-sprayed (I prefer "used chemical weapons against") a peaceful, seated group of student demonstrators protesting, primarily, yet another tuition increase at UC? The video is hideous, but worth steeling yourself to watch just to see what "the university" can become when it identifies with or as a law enforcement institution over and against its own students and employees. (As if we needed another example after Penn State.) At least one of these students was hospitalized.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=6AdDLhPwpp4

If you"re squeamish, a photo I attach below will make the same point. This was outrageous excessive use of force by a campus police force.

Here"s the story in the Davis paper:

http://www.davisenterprise.com/local-news/crime-fire-courts/protests-again-gathering-steam-on-campus/

You can read more about it in the Sacramento Bee article here:

http://www.sacbee.com/2011/11/19/4066159/10-occupy-protesters-arrested.html

It has now been covered in the NY Times, USA Today, Time Magazine, CBS, CNN, and across the entire mediasphere. The various UC Davis police assault videos have been watched hundreds of thousands of times. Various searches related to UC Davis and pepper spraying were the *top searches on Google* in the US today -- think of what that means. By mid-afternoon, UC Davis had already backed down and the Chancellor had released a damage-controlling and mealy-mouthed promise to investigate. But it was too late.

By monday, millions will know about Lt. Pike and his chemical assault squad, and the $400K per year (plus free housing, travel, and vehicle) Chancellor who gave the order to cut the protesters down to the point that some were hospitalized, and including forcing open students" mouths and spraying directly into them. I kid you not.

And something remarkable happened at Davis tonight. I"ve been watching the live streams and following the blogs since late this afternoon. It was a very important moment.

Chancellor Katehi was preparing to give a news conference to take another crack at spinning this story and controlling the growing, viral character it has acquired.

UC Davis students showed up in large numbers to this conference, and were kept out of the small building (Surge 2, for those who know the campus) for lack of press passes (ha ha). They surrounded the building and their numbers grew over several hours to over 1000 student protesters. Reports came that Chancellor Katehi was afraid to leave and go through the student protesters, or even that she was being kept from leaving, as if it were a hostage situation. Cops were *not* summoned, however -- or at least they were kept back. UC Davis appears to have learned at least a tactical lesson already.

Through patient OWS style organizing, worked out over dozens of mic checks, they arranged to clear a wide path, determined that they would be silent and respectful when she came out, and sent word that they were not keeping her hostage in the building, just there to call for her resignation. Hours went by as the situation got more and more tense, but the students showed remarkable discipline and organization as their numbers kept growing. Finally, they negotiated with Chancellor Katehi"s people and she left the building to walk to her taxpayer-paid $70,000 Lexus SUV with one aide. The students maintained *absolute, total order and silence* -- really, not a word -- and stood aside, except for the couple of journalists asking her questions on the livestream feed. It was eerie and powerful and Chancellor Pepper Spray was clearly feeling the shame of a thousands of eyes on her around the nation (the livestreams were overloaded as they were joined by students across California and then the nation).

Here is the moment of triumph, posted moments ago and already with several hundred views:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=CZ0t9ez_EGI

Only once she began to pull away did the crowd erupt into a roar: WHOSE UNIVERSITY? OUR UNIVERSITY! dozens of times as they marched off to consume the pizza ordered for them by people around the nation.

It was so powerful -- and remember this all happened on a day when virtually no news (except Demi and Ashton"s divorce or the 30 year old Natalie Wood death investigation) gets reported on mainstream outlets. This *all* happened online, and drew a huge national audience in the process, enough so to force a major university into damage control freakout.

You will see much more about this in the coming days. Chancellor Katehi really has no choice but to resign at this point. The Davis faculty association has voted to ask her to resign and condemn her conduct:

http://ucdfa.org/2011/11/19/dfa-board-calls-for-katehis-resignation/

And the council of ALL UC faculty associations has condemned the violence, and holds administrators accountable for it:

http://cucfa.org/news/2011_nov19.php

Full UC-wide faculty association statement below.

_________________

"This week, we have seen excessive force used against non-violent protesters at UC Berkeley, UCLA, CSU Long Beach, and UC Davis. Student, faculty and staff protesters have been pepper-sprayed directly in the eyes and mouth, beaten and shoved by batons, dragged by the arms while handcuffed, and submitted to other forms of excessive force. Protesters have been hospitalized because of injuries inflicted during these incidents. The violence was unprovoked, disproportional and excessive.

We are outraged by the excessive and unnecessary force used against peaceful protests.

We are outraged that the administrations of UC campuses are using police brutality to suppress dissent, free speech and peaceful assembly.

We demand that the Chancellors of the University of California cease using police violence to repress non-violent political protests. We hold them responsible for the violence and believe it can only result in an escalation of outrage that holds the potential for even more violence.

Police brutality damages the University"s public image, and, more importantly, it damages the climate for free expression at UC. We condemn the assault on the legacy of free speech at the University of California.

We call for greater attention to the substantive issues that motivate the protests regarding the privatization of education. With massive cuts in state funding and rising tuition costs across the community college system, the Cal State network, K-12, and the University of California, public education is undergoing a severe divestment. Student debt has reached unprecedented levels as bank profits swell. We decry the growing privatization and tuition increases that have been the frequent -- and only -- responses of the UC Board of Regents.

Signed,

The board of the Council of UC Faculty Associations"

_______________

Aaron Fox

Associate Professor of Music

Columbia University

aaf19@columbia.edu

212-854-7185