转基因棉的矛和盾：某团队四年内NS文章观点前后截然相反

　　蒋高明

　　中国农业科学院吴孔明研究团队2008年在“科学”上发表论文，题目是《由于种植鼻涕Bt抗虫棉抑制了多种作物中的棉铃虫》，说中国北方6省因大规模种植鼻涕棉(Bt转基因抗虫棉)，棉铃虫在其他宿主(玉米、花生、大豆、蔬菜)中也没精神了。(英文原题：Suppression of Cotton Bollworm in Multiple Crops in China in Areas with Bt Toxin -Containing Cotton)。

　　两年后即2010年，他们第二次在“科学”上发表论文，题目是【多种作物中害虫的暴发与中国大面积种植Bt棉有相关关联】。(英文原题：Mirid Bug Outbreaks in Multiple Crops Correlated with Wide-Scale Adoption of Bt Cotton in China)。

　　又两年后即2012年，该团队又在英国《自然》发表文章《广种Bt棉少用杀虫剂促进生物控制》，2012年6月13日发表。该稿今年1月3日投出、4月23日通过，40天后6月12日刊出，直通车一般神速。

　　与吴孔明团队命运不同的是，中国南京大学关于微小核糖核酸的论文，2011年9月在中国国内刊物上发表，震动了全球生物科学界(中国的生物学界无动于衷)，此一重大科学发现曾于2011年发表前2年投稿《科学》，被拒。在科学上，今日也是立场决定观点了?顶级科学杂志不爱科学却钟情于技术，对真正的科学发现冷漠到冰点。美英所谓顶尖杂志为中国科学家在中国推广转基因技术鸣锣开道，甘心做马前卒，其用意耐人寻味。

　　英国《自然》杂志发表的中国农业科学院植物保护研究所所长吴孔明带领的团队报告与该团队在4年前发表的文章，最早该团队的进行了10年的研究成果正是，转基因棉造成小虫成大灾，农民使用农药增加，近期的文章观点截然相反，反而说转基因棉促进了生物控制，不是自打耳光吗?

Science 321, 1676 (2008);

　　Kong-Ming Wu et al. Suppression of Cotton Bollworm in Multiple Crops in China in Areas with Bt Toxin -Containing Cotton

Science 328, 1151 (2010);

　　Yanhui Lu et al. Mirid Bug Outbreaks in Multiple Crops Correlated with Wide-Scale

　　Adoption of Bt Cotton in China (多种作物中害虫的暴发与中国大面积种植Bt棉有关)

　　News: GM crop use makes minor pests major problem Published online 13 May 2010 | Nature |

　　http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100513/full/news.2010.242.html

　　该文章说，吴孔明团队调查报告指出，转基因棉花长期规模种植使棉田害虫增加了12倍，若不控制，可使棉花收成减少50%;因此，棉农不得不增加农药使用(即转基因作物非但没减少、反而增加了农药用量)。如此结果，本来是“小问题”的害虫事情、变成了“大问题”。

　　该文章说，美国克奈尔大学专题调研说明，转基因棉花种植不但使害虫增加，而且，因农药用量而使中国棉农经济利益受到损害。

　　《自然》杂志介绍吴孔明团队2010年的报告：小问题成了大问题(原文摘录)。

　　News: GM crop use makes minor pests major problem Jane Qiu, Published online 13 May 2010 | Nature |

　　http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100513/full/news.2010.242.html

Pesticide use rising as Chinese farmers fight insects thriving on transgenic crop.

　　Numbers of mirid bugs (insects of the Miridae family), previously only minor pests in northern China, have increased 12-fold since 1997, they found. "Mirids are now a main pest in the region," says Wu. "Their rise in abundance is associated with the scale of Bt cotton cultivation."

　　"Mirids can reduce cotton yields just as much as bollworms, up to 50% when not controlled," Wu adds. The insects are also emerging as a threat to crops such as green beans, cereals, vegetables and various fruits.

　　The rise of mirids has driven Chinese farmers back to pesticides — they are currently using about two-thirds as much as they did before Bt cotton was introduced. As mirids develop resistance to the pesticides, Wu expects that farmers will soon spray as much as they ever did.

　　Two years ago, a study led by David Just, an economist at Cornell University at Ithaca, New York, concluded that the economic benefits of Bt cotton in China have eroded. The team attributed this to increased pesticide use to deal with secondary pests.